Personal protective equipment and intensive care unit healthcare worker safety in the COVID-19 era (PPE-SAFE): An international survey.
Identifieur interne : 000954 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000953; suivant : 000955Personal protective equipment and intensive care unit healthcare worker safety in the COVID-19 era (PPE-SAFE): An international survey.
Auteurs : Alexis Tabah [Australie] ; Mahesh Ramanan [Australie] ; Kevin B. Laupland [Australie] ; Niccol Buetti [France] ; Andrea Cortegiani [Italie] ; Johannes Mellinghoff [Royaume-Uni] ; Andrew Conway Morris [Royaume-Uni] ; Luigi Camporota [Royaume-Uni] ; Nathalie Zappella [France] ; Muhammed Elhadi [Libye] ; Pedro Povoa [Portugal] ; Karin Amrein [Autriche] ; Gabriela Vidal [Argentine] ; Lennie Derde [Pays-Bas] ; Matteo Bassetti [Italie] ; Guy Francois [Belgique] ; Nathalie Ssi Yan Kai [Australie] ; Jan J. De Waele [Belgique]Source :
- Journal of critical care [ 1557-8615 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
PURPOSE
To survey healthcare workers (HCW) on availability and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) caring for COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).
MATERIALS AND METHOD
A web-based survey distributed worldwide in April 2020.
RESULTS
We received 2711 responses from 1797 (67%) physicians, 744 (27%) nurses, and 170 (6%) Allied HCW. For routine care, most (1557, 58%) reportedly used FFP2/N95 masks, waterproof long sleeve gowns (1623; 67%), and face shields/visors (1574; 62%). Powered Air-Purifying Respirators were used routinely and for intubation only by 184 (7%) and 254 (13%) respondents, respectively. Surgical masks were used for routine care by 289 (15%) and 47 (2%) for intubations. At least one piece of standard PPE was unavailable for 1402 (52%), and 817 (30%) reported reusing single-use PPE. PPE was worn for a median of 4 h (IQR 2, 5). Adverse effects of PPE were associated with longer shift durations and included heat (1266, 51%), thirst (1174, 47%), pressure areas (1088, 44%), headaches (696, 28%), Inability to use the bathroom (661, 27%) and extreme exhaustion (492, 20%).
CONCLUSIONS
HCWs reported widespread shortages, frequent reuse of, and adverse effects related to PPE. Urgent action by healthcare administrators, policymakers, governments and industry is warranted.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.06.005
PubMed: 32570052
PubMed Central: PMC7293450
Affiliations:
- Argentine, Australie, Autriche, Belgique, France, Italie, Libye, Pays-Bas, Portugal, Royaume-Uni
- Angleterre, Angleterre de l'Est, Grand Londres, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Utrecht (province), Île-de-France
- Bruxelles, Cambridge, Londres, Paris, Utrecht
- Université de Cambridge, Université de Londres
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
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Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency Policlinico Paolo Giaccone University of Palermo Palermo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.) Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency Policlinico Paolo Giaccone University of Palermo Palermo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Intensive Care and Emergency Policlinico Paolo Giaccone University of Palermo Palermo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mellinghoff, Johannes" sort="Mellinghoff, Johannes" uniqKey="Mellinghoff J" first="Johannes" last="Mellinghoff">Johannes Mellinghoff</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Health and Social Care Education, Kingston & St George's University of London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Health and Social Care Education, Kingston & St George's University of London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Conway Morris, Andrew" sort="Conway Morris, Andrew" uniqKey="Conway Morris A" first="Andrew" last="Conway Morris">Andrew Conway Morris</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camporota, Luigi" sort="Camporota, Luigi" uniqKey="Camporota L" first="Luigi" last="Camporota">Luigi Camporota</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences (CHAPS) and School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Department of Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences (CHAPS) and School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Department of Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zappella, Nathalie" sort="Zappella, Nathalie" uniqKey="Zappella N" first="Nathalie" last="Zappella">Nathalie Zappella</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Department, DMU PARABOL, Bichat - Claude Bernard Hospital, HUPNVS, AP-HP, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Department, DMU PARABOL, Bichat - Claude Bernard Hospital, HUPNVS, AP-HP, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elhadi, Muhammed" sort="Elhadi, Muhammed" uniqKey="Elhadi M" first="Muhammed" last="Elhadi">Muhammed Elhadi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Libya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Libye</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Tripoli</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Povoa, Pedro" sort="Povoa, Pedro" uniqKey="Povoa P" first="Pedro" last="Povoa">Pedro Povoa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sao Francisco Xavier Hospital, CHLO, NOVA Medical School, CHRC, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Sao Francisco Xavier Hospital, CHLO, NOVA Medical School, CHRC, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amrein, Karin" sort="Amrein, Karin" uniqKey="Amrein K" first="Karin" last="Amrein">Karin Amrein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Graz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vidal, Gabriela" sort="Vidal, Gabriela" uniqKey="Vidal G" first="Gabriela" last="Vidal">Gabriela Vidal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Servicio de Terapia Intensiva, Hospital Interzonal de Agudos San Martin de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Servicio de Terapia Intensiva, Hospital Interzonal de Agudos San Martin de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Derde, Lennie" sort="Derde, Lennie" uniqKey="Derde L" first="Lennie" last="Derde">Lennie Derde</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Intensive Care Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Intensive Care Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bassetti, Matteo" sort="Bassetti, Matteo" uniqKey="Bassetti M" first="Matteo" last="Bassetti">Matteo Bassetti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa and Hospital Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa and Hospital Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Francois, Guy" sort="Francois, Guy" uniqKey="Francois G" first="Guy" last="Francois">Guy Francois</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Scientific Affairs, Research, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Scientific Affairs, Research, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, Brussels</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement><region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ssi Yan Kai, Nathalie" sort="Ssi Yan Kai, Nathalie" uniqKey="Ssi Yan Kai N" first="Nathalie" last="Ssi Yan Kai">Nathalie Ssi Yan Kai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Brisbane, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Brisbane</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Waele, Jan J" sort="De Waele, Jan J" uniqKey="De Waele J" first="Jan J" last="De Waele">Jan J. De Waele</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Gent</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gent</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32570052</idno><idno type="pmid">32570052</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.06.005</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7293450</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000C58</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000C58</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000C58</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000C58</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000C58</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Personal protective equipment and intensive care unit healthcare worker safety in the COVID-19 era (PPE-SAFE): An international survey.</title><author><name sortKey="Tabah, Alexis" sort="Tabah, Alexis" uniqKey="Tabah A" first="Alexis" last="Tabah">Alexis Tabah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Redcliffe Hospital, University of Queensland, 4019, Redcliffe, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia. Electronic address: a.tabah@uq.edu.au.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Redcliffe Hospital, University of Queensland, 4019, Redcliffe, Brisbane, Queensland 4029</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Queensland 4029</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramanan, Mahesh" sort="Ramanan, Mahesh" uniqKey="Ramanan M" first="Mahesh" last="Ramanan">Mahesh Ramanan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Intensive Care Units, Caboolture and Prince Charles Hospitals, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Queensland, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Intensive Care Units, Caboolture and Prince Charles Hospitals, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Queensland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Queensland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laupland, Kevin B" sort="Laupland, Kevin B" uniqKey="Laupland K" first="Kevin B" last="Laupland">Kevin B. Laupland</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Queensland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buetti, Niccol" sort="Buetti, Niccol" uniqKey="Buetti N" first="Niccol" last="Buetti">Niccol Buetti</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>INSERM IAME, U1137, Team DesCID, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM IAME, U1137, Team DesCID, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cortegiani, Andrea" sort="Cortegiani, Andrea" uniqKey="Cortegiani A" first="Andrea" last="Cortegiani">Andrea Cortegiani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.) Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency Policlinico Paolo Giaccone University of Palermo Palermo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.) Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency Policlinico Paolo Giaccone University of Palermo Palermo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Intensive Care and Emergency Policlinico Paolo Giaccone University of Palermo Palermo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mellinghoff, Johannes" sort="Mellinghoff, Johannes" uniqKey="Mellinghoff J" first="Johannes" last="Mellinghoff">Johannes Mellinghoff</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Health and Social Care Education, Kingston & St George's University of London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Health and Social Care Education, Kingston & St George's University of London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Conway Morris, Andrew" sort="Conway Morris, Andrew" uniqKey="Conway Morris A" first="Andrew" last="Conway Morris">Andrew Conway Morris</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camporota, Luigi" sort="Camporota, Luigi" uniqKey="Camporota L" first="Luigi" last="Camporota">Luigi Camporota</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences (CHAPS) and School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Department of Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences (CHAPS) and School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Department of Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zappella, Nathalie" sort="Zappella, Nathalie" uniqKey="Zappella N" first="Nathalie" last="Zappella">Nathalie Zappella</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Department, DMU PARABOL, Bichat - Claude Bernard Hospital, HUPNVS, AP-HP, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Department, DMU PARABOL, Bichat - Claude Bernard Hospital, HUPNVS, AP-HP, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elhadi, Muhammed" sort="Elhadi, Muhammed" uniqKey="Elhadi M" first="Muhammed" last="Elhadi">Muhammed Elhadi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Libya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Libye</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Tripoli</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Povoa, Pedro" sort="Povoa, Pedro" uniqKey="Povoa P" first="Pedro" last="Povoa">Pedro Povoa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sao Francisco Xavier Hospital, CHLO, NOVA Medical School, CHRC, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Sao Francisco Xavier Hospital, CHLO, NOVA Medical School, CHRC, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amrein, Karin" sort="Amrein, Karin" uniqKey="Amrein K" first="Karin" last="Amrein">Karin Amrein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Graz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vidal, Gabriela" sort="Vidal, Gabriela" uniqKey="Vidal G" first="Gabriela" last="Vidal">Gabriela Vidal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Servicio de Terapia Intensiva, Hospital Interzonal de Agudos San Martin de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Servicio de Terapia Intensiva, Hospital Interzonal de Agudos San Martin de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Derde, Lennie" sort="Derde, Lennie" uniqKey="Derde L" first="Lennie" last="Derde">Lennie Derde</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Intensive Care Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Intensive Care Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bassetti, Matteo" sort="Bassetti, Matteo" uniqKey="Bassetti M" first="Matteo" last="Bassetti">Matteo Bassetti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa and Hospital Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa and Hospital Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Francois, Guy" sort="Francois, Guy" uniqKey="Francois G" first="Guy" last="Francois">Guy Francois</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Scientific Affairs, Research, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Scientific Affairs, Research, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, Brussels</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement><region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ssi Yan Kai, Nathalie" sort="Ssi Yan Kai, Nathalie" uniqKey="Ssi Yan Kai N" first="Nathalie" last="Ssi Yan Kai">Nathalie Ssi Yan Kai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Brisbane, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Brisbane</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Waele, Jan J" sort="De Waele, Jan J" uniqKey="De Waele J" first="Jan J" last="De Waele">Jan J. De Waele</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Gent</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gent</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of critical care</title><idno type="eISSN">1557-8615</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>PURPOSE</b></p><p>To survey healthcare workers (HCW) on availability and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) caring for COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>MATERIALS AND METHOD</b></p><p>A web-based survey distributed worldwide in April 2020.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>We received 2711 responses from 1797 (67%) physicians, 744 (27%) nurses, and 170 (6%) Allied HCW. For routine care, most (1557, 58%) reportedly used FFP2/N95 masks, waterproof long sleeve gowns (1623; 67%), and face shields/visors (1574; 62%). Powered Air-Purifying Respirators were used routinely and for intubation only by 184 (7%) and 254 (13%) respondents, respectively. Surgical masks were used for routine care by 289 (15%) and 47 (2%) for intubations. At least one piece of standard PPE was unavailable for 1402 (52%), and 817 (30%) reported reusing single-use PPE. PPE was worn for a median of 4 h (IQR 2, 5). Adverse effects of PPE were associated with longer shift durations and included heat (1266, 51%), thirst (1174, 47%), pressure areas (1088, 44%), headaches (696, 28%), Inability to use the bathroom (661, 27%) and extreme exhaustion (492, 20%).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>HCWs reported widespread shortages, frequent reuse of, and adverse effects related to PPE. Urgent action by healthcare administrators, policymakers, governments and industry is warranted.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Data-Review" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32570052</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>25</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1557-8615</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>59</Volume><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Oct</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of critical care</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Crit Care</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Personal protective equipment and intensive care unit healthcare worker safety in the COVID-19 era (PPE-SAFE): An international survey.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>70-75</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0883-9441(20)30592-X</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.06.005</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="PURPOSE" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">To survey healthcare workers (HCW) on availability and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) caring for COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="MATERIALS AND METHOD" NlmCategory="METHODS">A web-based survey distributed worldwide in April 2020.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">We received 2711 responses from 1797 (67%) physicians, 744 (27%) nurses, and 170 (6%) Allied HCW. For routine care, most (1557, 58%) reportedly used FFP2/N95 masks, waterproof long sleeve gowns (1623; 67%), and face shields/visors (1574; 62%). Powered Air-Purifying Respirators were used routinely and for intubation only by 184 (7%) and 254 (13%) respondents, respectively. Surgical masks were used for routine care by 289 (15%) and 47 (2%) for intubations. At least one piece of standard PPE was unavailable for 1402 (52%), and 817 (30%) reported reusing single-use PPE. PPE was worn for a median of 4 h (IQR 2, 5). Adverse effects of PPE were associated with longer shift durations and included heat (1266, 51%), thirst (1174, 47%), pressure areas (1088, 44%), headaches (696, 28%), Inability to use the bathroom (661, 27%) and extreme exhaustion (492, 20%).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">HCWs reported widespread shortages, frequent reuse of, and adverse effects related to PPE. Urgent action by healthcare administrators, policymakers, governments and industry is warranted.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Crown Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tabah</LastName><ForeName>Alexis</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Redcliffe Hospital, University of Queensland, 4019, Redcliffe, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia. Electronic address: a.tabah@uq.edu.au.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ramanan</LastName><ForeName>Mahesh</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Units, Caboolture and Prince Charles Hospitals, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Queensland, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Laupland</LastName><ForeName>Kevin B</ForeName><Initials>KB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Buetti</LastName><ForeName>Niccolò</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INSERM IAME, U1137, Team DesCID, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cortegiani</LastName><ForeName>Andrea</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.) Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency Policlinico Paolo Giaccone University of Palermo Palermo, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mellinghoff</LastName><ForeName>Johannes</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Health and Social Care Education, Kingston & St George's University of London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Conway Morris</LastName><ForeName>Andrew</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Camporota</LastName><ForeName>Luigi</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences (CHAPS) and School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Department of Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zappella</LastName><ForeName>Nathalie</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Department, DMU PARABOL, Bichat - Claude Bernard Hospital, HUPNVS, AP-HP, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Elhadi</LastName><ForeName>Muhammed</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Libya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Povoa</LastName><ForeName>Pedro</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sao Francisco Xavier Hospital, CHLO, NOVA Medical School, CHRC, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Amrein</LastName><ForeName>Karin</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vidal</LastName><ForeName>Gabriela</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Terapia Intensiva, Hospital Interzonal de Agudos San Martin de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Derde</LastName><ForeName>Lennie</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bassetti</LastName><ForeName>Matteo</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa and Hospital Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Francois</LastName><ForeName>Guy</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Scientific Affairs, Research, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, Brussels, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ssi Yan Kai</LastName><ForeName>Nathalie</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Brisbane, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>De Waele</LastName><ForeName>Jan J</ForeName><Initials>JJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>PPE-SAFE contributors</CollectiveName></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>13</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Crit Care</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>8610642</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0883-9441</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Health care workers</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Intensive care</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Personal protective equipment</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Safety</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>Declaration of Competing Interest Dr. Tabah has nothing to disclose, Dr. Ramanan has nothing to disclose, Prof. Laupland has nothing to disclose, Dr. Buetti has nothing to disclose, Dr. Cortegiani has nothing to disclose, Mr. Mellinghoff has nothing to disclose, Dr. Conway Morris reports grants from Wellcome Trust, during the conduct of the study; Dr. Camporota has nothing to disclose, Dr. Zappella has nothing to disclose, Dr. Vidal has nothing to disclose, Dr. Elhadi has nothing to disclose, Dr. Povoa reports personal fess from Orion, personal fees from Pfizer and personal fees from Technofage, Dr. Amrein reports grants, personal fees and other from Fresenius Kabi, personal fees from Vifor Pharma, personal fees from Shire now part of Takeda, outside the submitted work, Dr. Derde reports grants from European Union, grants from ZonMw, outside the submitted work, Guy Francoishas nothing to disclose, Dr. Bassetti reports grants and personal fees from Pfizer, grants and personal fees from MSD, grants and personal fees from Menarini, grants and personal fees from Angelini, personal fees from Astellas, personal fees from Nabriva, grants and personal fees from Paratek, personal fees from Gilead, personal fees from Basilea, personal fees from Cidara, personal fees from Molteni, outside the submitted work; Dr. Ssi Yan Kai has nothing to disclose, Dr. De Waelereports grants from Research Foundation Flanders, during the conduct of the study; other from Bayer, other from Pfizer, other from MSD, other from Grifols, other from Accelerate, outside the submitted work;.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>08</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>10</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>23</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>23</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>23</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32570052</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0883-9441(20)30592-X</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.06.005</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7293450</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Argentine</li><li>Australie</li><li>Autriche</li><li>Belgique</li><li>France</li><li>Italie</li><li>Libye</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Portugal</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Angleterre de l'Est</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</li><li>Utrecht (province)</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Bruxelles</li><li>Cambridge</li><li>Londres</li><li>Paris</li><li>Utrecht</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Cambridge</li><li>Université de Londres</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Tabah, Alexis" sort="Tabah, Alexis" uniqKey="Tabah A" first="Alexis" last="Tabah">Alexis Tabah</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Laupland, Kevin B" sort="Laupland, Kevin B" uniqKey="Laupland K" first="Kevin B" last="Laupland">Kevin B. Laupland</name><name sortKey="Ramanan, Mahesh" sort="Ramanan, Mahesh" uniqKey="Ramanan M" first="Mahesh" last="Ramanan">Mahesh Ramanan</name><name sortKey="Ssi Yan Kai, Nathalie" sort="Ssi Yan Kai, Nathalie" uniqKey="Ssi Yan Kai N" first="Nathalie" last="Ssi Yan Kai">Nathalie Ssi Yan Kai</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Buetti, Niccol" sort="Buetti, Niccol" uniqKey="Buetti N" first="Niccol" last="Buetti">Niccol Buetti</name></region><name sortKey="Zappella, Nathalie" sort="Zappella, Nathalie" uniqKey="Zappella N" first="Nathalie" last="Zappella">Nathalie Zappella</name></country><country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Cortegiani, Andrea" sort="Cortegiani, Andrea" uniqKey="Cortegiani A" first="Andrea" last="Cortegiani">Andrea Cortegiani</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bassetti, Matteo" sort="Bassetti, Matteo" uniqKey="Bassetti M" first="Matteo" last="Bassetti">Matteo Bassetti</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Mellinghoff, Johannes" sort="Mellinghoff, Johannes" uniqKey="Mellinghoff J" first="Johannes" last="Mellinghoff">Johannes Mellinghoff</name></region><name sortKey="Camporota, Luigi" sort="Camporota, Luigi" uniqKey="Camporota L" first="Luigi" last="Camporota">Luigi Camporota</name><name sortKey="Conway Morris, Andrew" sort="Conway Morris, Andrew" uniqKey="Conway Morris A" first="Andrew" last="Conway Morris">Andrew Conway Morris</name></country><country name="Libye"><noRegion><name sortKey="Elhadi, Muhammed" sort="Elhadi, Muhammed" uniqKey="Elhadi M" first="Muhammed" last="Elhadi">Muhammed Elhadi</name></noRegion></country><country name="Portugal"><noRegion><name sortKey="Povoa, Pedro" sort="Povoa, Pedro" uniqKey="Povoa P" first="Pedro" last="Povoa">Pedro Povoa</name></noRegion></country><country name="Autriche"><noRegion><name sortKey="Amrein, Karin" sort="Amrein, Karin" uniqKey="Amrein K" first="Karin" last="Amrein">Karin Amrein</name></noRegion></country><country name="Argentine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Vidal, Gabriela" sort="Vidal, Gabriela" uniqKey="Vidal G" first="Gabriela" last="Vidal">Gabriela Vidal</name></noRegion></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><region name="Utrecht (province)"><name sortKey="Derde, Lennie" sort="Derde, Lennie" uniqKey="Derde L" first="Lennie" last="Derde">Lennie Derde</name></region></country><country name="Belgique"><region name="Région de Bruxelles-Capitale"><name sortKey="Francois, Guy" sort="Francois, Guy" uniqKey="Francois G" first="Guy" last="Francois">Guy Francois</name></region><name sortKey="De Waele, Jan J" sort="De Waele, Jan J" uniqKey="De Waele J" first="Jan J" last="De Waele">Jan J. 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